Create a Basic WCF Web HTTP Service

Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) allows you to create a service that exposes a Web endpoint. Web endpoints send data by XML or JSON, there is no SOAP envelope. This topic demonstrates how to expose such an endpoint.

Note

The only way to secure a Web endpoint is to expose it through HTTPS, using transport security. When using message-based security, security information is usually placed in SOAP headers and because the messages sent to non-SOAP endpoints contain no SOAP envelope, there is nowhere to place the security information and you must rely on transport security.

To create a Web endpoint

1. Define a service contract using an interface marked with the ServiceContractAttribute, WebInvokeAttribute and the WebGetAttribute attributes.
   C#

   [ServiceContract]
   public interface IService
   {
       [OperationContract]
       [WebGet]
       string EchoWithGet(string s);
   
       [OperationContract]
       [WebInvoke]
       string EchoWithPost(string s);
   }
   

   Note

   By default, WebInvokeAttribute maps POST calls to the operation. You can, however, specify the HTTP method (for example, HEAD, PUT, or DELETE) to map to the operation by specifying a "method=" parameter. WebGetAttribute does not have a "method=" parameter and only maps GET calls to the service operation.
2. Implement the service contract.
   C#

   public class Service : IService
   {
       public string EchoWithGet(string s)
       {
           return "You said " + s;
       }
   
       public string EchoWithPost(string s)
       {
           return "You said " + s;
       }
   }
   

To host the service

1. Create a WebServiceHost object.
   C#

   WebServiceHost host = new WebServiceHost(typeof(Service), new Uri("http://localhost:8000/"));
   

2. Add a ServiceEndpoint with the WebHttpBehavior.
   C#

   ServiceEndpoint ep = host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IService), new WebHttpBinding(), "");
   

   Note

   If you do not add an endpoint, WebServiceHost automatically creates a default endpoint. WebServiceHost also adds WebHttpBehavior and disables the HTTP Help page and the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) GET functionality so the metadata endpoint does not interfere with the default HTTP endpoint.

   Adding a non-SOAP endpoint with a URL of "" causes unexpected behavior when an attempt is made to call an operation on the endpoint. The reason for this is the listen URI of the endpoint is the same as the URI for the help page (the page that is displayed when you browse to the base address of a WCF service).
   You can do one of the following actions to prevent this from happening:
   • Always specify a non-blank URI for a non-SOAP endpoint.
   • Turn off the help page. This can be done with the following code.
   C#

   ServiceDebugBehavior sdb = host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceDebugBehavior>();
   sdb.HttpHelpPageEnabled = false;
   

3. Open the service host and wait until the user presses ENTER.
   C#

   host.Open();
   Console.WriteLine("Service is running");
   Console.WriteLine("Press enter to quit...");
   Console.ReadLine();
   host.Close();
   

   This sample demonstrates how to host a Web-Style service with a console application. You can also host such a service within IIS. To do this, specify the WebServiceHostFactory class in a .svc file as the following code demonstrates.

         <%ServiceHost   
   language=c#  
   Debug="true"  
   Service="Microsoft.Samples.Service"  
   Factory=System.ServiceModel.Activation.WebServiceHostFactory%>  
   

To call service operations mapped to GET in Internet Explorer

1. Open Internet Explorer and type "http://localhost:8000/EchoWithGet?s=Hello, world!" and press ENTER. The URL contains the base address of the service ("http://localhost:8000/"), the relative address of the endpoint (""), the service operation to call ("EchoWithGet"), and a question mark followed by a list of named parameters separated by an ampersand (&).

To call service operations in code

1. Create an instance of System.ServiceModel.Web.WebChannelFactory within a using block.
   C#

   using (ChannelFactory<IService> cf = new ChannelFactory<IService>(new WebHttpBinding(), "http://localhost:8000"))
   

2. Add WebHttpBehavior to the endpoint the ChannelFactory calls.
   C#

   cf.Endpoint.Behaviors.Add(new WebHttpBehavior());
   

3. Create the channel and call the service.
   C#

   IService channel = cf.CreateChannel();
   
   string s;
   
   Console.WriteLine("Calling EchoWithGet via HTTP GET: ");
   s = channel.EchoWithGet("Hello, world");
   Console.WriteLine("   Output: {0}", s);
   
   Console.WriteLine("");
   Console.WriteLine("This can also be accomplished by navigating to");
   Console.WriteLine("http://localhost:8000/EchoWithGet?s=Hello, world!");
   Console.WriteLine("in a web browser while this sample is running.");
   
   Console.WriteLine("");
   
   Console.WriteLine("Calling EchoWithPost via HTTP POST: ");
   s = channel.EchoWithPost("Hello, world");
   Console.WriteLine("   Output: {0}", s);
   

4. Close the WebServiceHost.
   C#

   host.Close();
   

Example

The following is the full code listing for this example.

C#

// Service.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;
using System.Text;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.BasicWebProgramming
{
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        [WebGet]
        string EchoWithGet(string s);

        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke]
        string EchoWithPost(string s);
    }
    public class Service : IService
    {
        public string EchoWithGet(string s)
        {
            return "You said " + s;
        }

        public string EchoWithPost(string s)
        {
            return "You said " + s;
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            WebServiceHost host = new WebServiceHost(typeof(Service), new Uri("http://localhost:8000/"));
            try
            {
                ServiceEndpoint ep = host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IService), new WebHttpBinding(), "");
                host.Open();
                using (ChannelFactory<IService> cf = new ChannelFactory<IService>(new WebHttpBinding(), "http://localhost:8000"))
                {
                    cf.Endpoint.Behaviors.Add(new WebHttpBehavior());
                    
                    IService channel = cf.CreateChannel();

                    string s;

                    Console.WriteLine("Calling EchoWithGet via HTTP GET: ");
                    s = channel.EchoWithGet("Hello, world");
                    Console.WriteLine("   Output: {0}", s);

                    Console.WriteLine("");
                    Console.WriteLine("This can also be accomplished by navigating to");
                    Console.WriteLine("http://localhost:8000/EchoWithGet?s=Hello, world!");
                    Console.WriteLine("in a web browser while this sample is running.");

                    Console.WriteLine("");

                    Console.WriteLine("Calling EchoWithPost via HTTP POST: ");
                    s = channel.EchoWithPost("Hello, world");
                    Console.WriteLine("   Output: {0}", s);
                    Console.WriteLine("");
                }

                Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate");
                Console.ReadLine();
                
                host.Close();
            }
            catch (CommunicationException cex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("An exception occurred: {0}", cex.Message);
                host.Abort();
            }
        }
    }
}

Compiling the Code

When compiling Service.cs reference System.ServiceModel.dll and System.ServiceModel.Web.dll.

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